History of the American Home: Post-War America (Part 6)

As always if you have any real estate questions, want to buy or sell, know someone who does…just let me know! You can also sign up at my new home valuation website and receive a monthly update on your home’s value at Homebot. It is quick, easy, and will even tell you how much you could charge for an Airbnb!

Happy reading!

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History of the American Home: The New Territories (Part 4)

The New Territories and the Frontier

It is a brave new world…for American home designs! For this installment, we’re going to focus on the New Territories and the Frontier and the home styles that were developed there.

First of all, the time frame we’re exploring this time is approximately the early to mid 1800’s through what is referred to as the Gilded Age. This will bring us up through the Civil War and end just before the turn of the 20th Century. We’ll save the modern stuff for another day!

The New Territories and the Frontier is a time of exploration and expansion in the United States. The Revolution was in the not too distant past and America has come through the war of 1812 still independent. Now trouble at the southern border begins to brew as the Mexican War approaches in the 1830s. Trade is flourishing in our port cities like New York City, Boston, Savannah, and New Orleans. Americans are spreading out from one coast to another and everywhere in between. The Great Plains will become home to many farmers and still is today. Many of those homes still stand. If you live in a a Plains state or one that borders it, you will recognize one of the home styles we’ll get into today. Many Midwestern towns and cities still have homes in use from this area…amazing!

monterey architecture

Monterey Colonial

The Monterey

This style of American home was very prominent in California, Texas, and the whole of the American Southwest. This Spanish-inspired design features the classic red tile hip-style roof. As far as describing it, the Monterey is cross between the Spanish Colonial and the New England Colonial. Clear as mud? Good!

The style is characterized by two stories, 360 degree surrounding porches on both levels, and adobe walls with a stucco or brick exterior. This style is very reminiscent of the barracks buildings in the frontier military forts of the 1800’s. That may also help as a visual…so will will the picture at right.

Spanish Mission
american home spanish mission

Modern Spanish Mission Home

Unlike the Monterey, most readers will need no help picturing what the Spanish Mission design looks like. It is a classic, and it isn’t even our’s!

Despite their sometimes ornate and complicated exteriors, Spanish Mission style homes and buildings are simple structures. They are described as having a “lack of frills” but they certainly are not boring structures by any means. These all sound like contradictions, I realize, but bear with me as we flush this out.

Spanish Mission architecture’s most iconic feature are the arched windows and doorways. This classic feature is the easiest one to pick out and say, “oh yeah, definitely Spanish Mission.” The red tile roof is also a giveaway. This type of home will have a porch or portico on the first level. Inside the home, the walls are thick and often covered with stucco or plaster. Exposed wood beams help to accentuate the ceiling space and create a rustic look.

This type of American home is found in California and the American Southwest and furthermore is still very popular today.

Cajun (Creole) Cottage
american home cajun cottage

Cajun (Creole) Cottage

Alright, let’s move to the Gulf Coast. Picture yourself on the bayous of Louisiana and you’re going to build a new home. It is hot and muggy- understatement of the year. The ground is damp from intermittent flooding. You catch a brief breeze blowing in from the coast. It hits you- you need to build a home that keeps you dry and can capture that merciful breeze.

Welcome to the Cajun (also known as Creole) Cottage! The first of these homes were built using a wood pole frame that was covered in palmetto fronds. The posts were put into the ground for stability. Cajun Cottages were elevated off of the ground for two reasons- water and insects. I’d also add snakes and gators to that list, but that is just me! Louisiana’s topography is such that it is very prone to flooding from hurricanes and heavy rains and early on people began getting themselves up off the ground to avoid the seasonal floods that come and go.

These are also called “shotgun houses” for the way the doorways aligned to create the airflow homeowners needed before air conditioning. If all of the doors were open, you’d be able to see all the way through the cottage.

Creole Townhome
american home creole townhome

Creole Townhome

Ok, we’re still in Louisiana. Continuing our journey, we make the trip into New Orleans. No, it isn’t Mardi Gras right now.

Naturally we head directly to the French Quarter to see our next American home- the Creole Townhome. You might think that this is basically what we just talked about for the Cajun Cottage. It is similar but there are some marked differences.

The Creole Townhome is a three to four story building with balconies. Ok, now think of Mardi Gras and people packing the balconies to watch the celebration. Now you have it in mind! Normally the roofs are either slate or ceramic tile and the exteriors can vary. The interesting piece is how each of the floors is used. While not elevated like their cottage counterparts, the first floor is used for commercial ventures and the upper floors are living areas. This is seen in Europe quite a bit and has it’s roots in Roman culture where the shop owner would live upstairs and work on the first floor.

The Log Cabin
Log Home

Log Home

Log Cabin

Log Cabin

This quintessential American home isn’t even from the United States. Too soon? Not what you expected? Good! The Log Cabin originated in Europe, mostly in the Scandinavian countries, Russia, and the Baltic nations. As immigrants began to come over to America, they brought their know-how with them. This included their architectural and construction skills.

The Log Cabin was made from materials that were readily available. Logs provided excellent insulation- did you know brand new log homes are still being built today? Check this out, you won’t believe some of these.

Log Cabins (or homes) are found across the United States.

So is it a log cabin or a log home? Do you know what the difference is? It’s all in the logs. A log house has hewn logs and a log cabin’s are not. Let’s say the word “log” again, just in case we didn’t do it enough already- LOG!

Sod House
Sod House

Sod House

Not sure what a Sod House is? Little House on the Prairie. Did that help?

Sod Houses are made of sod bricks cut from the prairie grasslands. They were built to stand up to the weather of the prairies which can be temperamental at best. Their front doors always faced south which, in an area of flat and rather featureless land, you always knew which way you were heading when you approached one of these houses.

You can visit a real Sod house here in Minnesota in Sanborn. Sanborn is directly south of Redwood Falls approximately where Highways 71 and 14 meet. There you can see the real deal and also see the tools that settlers devised to harvest sod. They were geniuses!

 

The American Farmhouse
american home farmhouse

American Farmhouse

Our final American Home for this installment is the American Farmhouse. While these homes seem to harken back to a simpler time, they were feats of engineering in their day.

A new way of building a home began with the Farmhouse that was called the Balloon Frame. This trend began overseas in Scandinavia and therefore no one is able to pinpoint exactly when it came into use in the United States. It is certain that the construction style came in through Chicago and exploded on the US prairies.

These homes, because of the new building design, were easy and inexpensive to construct. They were built in the shape of a “T” or a “L” and featured large, open porches so the owners could enjoy the evening breeze.

Many Farmhouses are still in existence and use today! They are consequently the oldest homes on a city block in suburban Minnesota. In fact, I’m aware of at least three “homesteads” in my town of Forest Lake…in the southwest quad alone!

For Next Time

Thank you for taking this trip through the New Territories with me! My next “episode” will cover a very broad range of styles ranging from the Gilded Age all the way up through the end of World War I…so hold on to your hats!

As always if you have any real estate questions, want to buy or sell, know someone who does…just let me know! You can also sign up at my new home valuation website and receive a monthly update on your home’s value at Homebot. It is quick, easy, and will even tell you how much you could charge for an Airbnb!

Happy reading!

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History of the American Home: Independent America (Part 3)

Hello and welcome back to our trip through the history of the American home! For this installment, we’re taking a look at Independent America. This means any style of home that took hold after the American Revolution.

After the War for Independence, Americans consequently didn’t want much to do with the “English influence” that pre-1776 architecture showcased. Builders began searching for new ways to construct unique homes and structures. The results are much of what Washington DC shows off today…read on!

Independent America

Federal Style

Adapted from the Georgian style, the Federal style was the first popular post-revolution design. It kept the rectangular look of the Georgian structures but incorporated some modifications. Plain

Blair House - Presidential Guest House

Blair House – Presidential Guest House

and dignified in their appearance, these were large and expansive homes with specialized spaces. Because of it’s Georgian roots, there is still a colonial flair about the Federal but the Roman architectural influence is undeniable. The discovery of Pompeii and Herculaneum in 1748 only increased the desire for this style of building.

There were three different styles of Federal- Jeffersonian, Adam, and Regency. Jeffersonian sports the classical Roman look with thick columns- the “government” look. Adam has slender columns and is much less “government” looking. Regency is typically brick with simple, Southern elegance.

After the Revolution, the government therefore decided that their new “federal city” was to be located on the Potomac River and the District of Columbia was formed. President George Washington called on Major L’Enfant, a French engineer, to plan this new city. As a result, the L’Enfant plan was born and the end product was a showcase of the Federal style of construction. While not the only style of building in Washington DC as the city was in it’s infancy at that point, there are several prominent buildings of this architecture. A few examples are the famous townhomes of Capitol Hill, the Decatur House, Woodley Mansion, and Blair House (the Presidential guest home).

Greek Revival

After the war of 1812, a new appreciation for and desire to symbolize democracy surged in the United States. Enter the Greek Revival style. Architects began to imitate the temples of Greece by constructing large front porticoes with columns. The roofs were gable or hip with shallow pitches and had decorative cornice trim on the roof line.

The unique thing about this type of construction was the building materials. Carpenters were becoming creative and found a way to emulate marble by using wood that was painted white. Marble is very expensive and not always available so this was a good way to get around that issue and still maintain the look they were going for.

Gothic Revival
st patricks

St. Patrick’s Cathedral in NYC

Where Federal and Greek styles championed straight lines, Gothic Revival went the opposite direction. This non-conforming style is known for it’s lack of straight lines and it’s purposefully asymmetrical design. Inspired by cathedrals, a Gothic Revival home is built to be fancy and mysterious. Features were no longer squared up but became pointed. Architects were again using wood to mimic stonework as they had in the Greek Revival style for the individual home.

This style of architecture is most famous for the large, public buildings it is used on. Just a few you might recognize would be St. Patrick’s Cathedral in Manhattan, NY; Strawberry Hill House in Twickenham, London; Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception in Moscow, Russia; New York Life Building in New York City, NY; and Basilica of the Sacred Heart in Notre Dame, Indiana.

Next Time

For the next time, we’ll tackle the New Territories home and check out the Spanish and French influences that were prevalent there. There are many home styles that we see throughout the United States and we don’t know where they came from. The next “episode” of this series will dive in to a few very iconic home designs.

As always, if you’re looking to find out what your home might be worth, head on over to my Homebot page and sign up for your free, monthly valuation report. It has a ton of great info on potential refis, rental possibilities, and even Airbnb potential! Above all, it is a marvelous way to get a sense of where you stand as far as equity…because even if you aren’t selling right now, I know you’re curious!

See you next time!

 

 

Categories: agent lucas, amanda lucas realtor, american home, history, housing, real estate | Tags: , , , , , | Comments Off on History of the American Home: Independent America (Part 3)

History of the American Home: Colonial America (Part 2)

You might not know this about me, but I’m an absolute history geek. While my bachelor’s degree is in geography/cartography from Gustavus Adolphus College, my minor was in history. Truth be told, history is my passion outside of work, sports, and choir. My husband can attest to the dozens of books I have at home that I’m “going to read” at some point. Almost all of them are history books or Civil War memoirs. I really do have every intention of reading them all!

It was a natural decision to do this blog series on the history of homes in America. It is the perfect combination of my career and one of my greatest passions! Last time, we covered pre-colonial homes in Early America. This time we will tackle homes built and designed in Colonial America until the American Revolution.

Colonial America: 1620 – 1776

Many people do not realize that when they drive down any given street that they are most likely seeing at least a few homes that have their roots in colonial design. Countless historic homes of the colonial era still exist partially due to preservation but also due in no small part to it’s original, solid construction.

Settlers began to arrive in America in the early 1600s. Jamestown was established in 1607, followed shortly by Plymouth in 1620. The Pilgrims came ashore in Massachusetts and began to build their first homes in a medieval style that they were used to. These were simple, one-story homes typically with two rooms and a central chimney. They were built with joined timber frames and covered in whatever was available as far as materials. As colonies began to take root, home designs began to transform.

Garrison House

McIntire-Garrison_House,_South_Berwick_Road_(State_Route_91),_Scotland_(York_County,_Maine)In the mid-1600s, the garrison house style came into being. The garrison house is an expansion of the early two-room cottage built by settlers. The added second story with an overhang gave families extra living space while keeping the central chimney intact. The roof was a steep, gable design with shingles of cedar or another type of wood.

The overhang of the second story in this style of home is a subject of some discussion. Many believe that it was built that way purely to get some extra room into the design. Others believe it was fashioned after the military garrisons that had an overhang in the front of the building to provide a shooting position in case of attack.

In reality, both reasons are likely to be true. Much of the eastern portion of the United States was unsettled frontier and it was up to the homeowners themselves to defend their families if they didn’t live near a military installation.

Windows were also a defining characteristic of the Garrison home. In early construction, windows were typically casement windows. As technology changed, they moved from the small-paned casement to larger, double hung windows.

Cape Cod Style

Cape Cod, Massachusetts: today it is the home of summer vacation destinations, endless seafood, and a trademark laid-back lifestyle. Rewind to 1602: cape codCape Cod has just been established. The country is wild, the weather uncooperative. The settlers need shelter, something that will stand up to this new, unstable environment. The ship carpenters got to work building “land boats.” These low, broad structures were the first designs of the home we call today the Cape Cod.

Due to the sandy conditions of the Cape, the foundations were made of solid oak sills. The roofs were long, gable-style to deflect the strong winds on the coast. The classic picket fence wasn’t just a mere decoration in this era, they were placed to deflect wind and help keep the sand in place.

The interior rooms were arranged around a central chimney and usually consisted of a parlor room, kitchen, great room, and bedrooms. A Double Cape Cod was an early form of duplex with a shared wall. The classic design of the Cape Cod is a home you still see in use today.

The Saltbox

modifiedsaltboxThis one was new to me. A saltbox home is a two-story house with a one-story lean-to addition attached to the back. Simple enough. It is also called a Catslide- if someone can explain that phrase to me, I’d love to know how that name came into play.

This was floor plan was comfortable and easily adapted to suit any need. By the late 1600’s, new construction Saltbox homes were being built with the addition already attached. Because of the practical design, multiple expansions could be added relatively easily. This is the first design that wasn’t symmetrical by design.

Most often, the addition was a shed that was simply attached to the home to create more space. Normally the kitchen would be moved to the addition and another chimney added. The addition would have few windows, and even then only on the ends of the room.

 

New England Colonialnew england colonial

The New England Colonial home was built from the late 1600s until the mid 1800s. The central chimney is again the focal point here, but the floor plans were designed to expand as necessary. A more specific style of the New England Colonial, and probably the most recognizable, is the New England Large (pictured at right). It is a two and a half story home that is two rooms deep, instead of the traditional one. The appeal of this layout was that it could be built in stages as time, or money, allowed the family to do so.

Decoration begins to take a front seat in homes of this era. Doors are now paneled and ornate carvings in the interior are much more common. The style of design common to the New England Colonial was the forerunner of the Georgian style, which we will visit shortly. Up until this point, homes were plainly decorated and designed. This is about to change in very dramatic ways.

Dutch Colonial Farmhouse

dutch colonialFor many, a Dutch Colonial home is a classic. Brought over with Danish settlers, this style of home has become an icon in the eastern portion of the United States. The Dutch East India Trading Company commissioned Henry Hudson to find a northeast passage through North America to the Pacific. While he didn’t find exactly what he was looking for, he opened a new area for settling in New York near what would become Albany. Over the years, the Dutch would come to this area and begin to build their famous style of dwelling.

The Dutch Colonial farmhouse began as one room cottages in the earlier years. By the mid 1700s, the Dutch farmhouse as we know it began to take shape. The exterior of the first floor was typically made from field stones that were picked from the nearby pasture land. The second floor was typically cedar clapboards. The roof was of the gambrel style. This provided more headroom in the upper rooms and gave it its telltale church bell appearance.

A new door design came along with the Dutch Colonial- the split door. While not widely used prior to this, the split door allowed for half-open positioning to let the summer breeze in and kept the animals out. No longer terribly common due to modern screen doors, the split door was unique to this home when the design came over to Europe and rapidly became popular.

German Colonialgerman colonial

Have you visited Pennsylvania before? Or the Delaware River Valley? If so, you’ve seen a German Colonial home. If you’re unsure if you’ve seen one, just picture one of the many farmhouse photos of a stone two story standing alone in the rolling fields of Pennsylvania. I bet you pictured something like the picture on the right.

Settlers to the area from Sweden, Finland, Scotland, Ireland, and Germany brought this design with them and when they arrived in North America, they built what they already knew. Early designs purely constructed from wood but as time went on, field stone was used almost exclusively. These homes were general completely symmetrical with small accents like the curved arch above the front door.

The Pennsylvania style is a larger version of the classic layout. This featured four rooms over four. The Pennsylvania style is the most common design of remaining historic homes on many of our nation’s civil war battle fields. One of the best ones I’ve had the pleasure of setting foot in was on the Manassass National Battlefield Park in Virigina called the Stone House.

Bank House

This forerunner to the modern walk-out was built exactly as it sounds- into the bank of a hill. Accessible either from a second floor porch or from the first floor at the bottom of the hill, this type of dwelling enjoyed superior insulation from both heat and cold. The Bank House is actually a derivative of the German Colonial and looks just like one, but it has just been positioned differently and has two main entries instead of the traditional one.

Southern Colonial

southern colonialWe’ve come to the cousin of the New England Colonial home- the Southern Colonial. Need a visual? Southern plantation homes in the Carolinas. Bingo!

These sweeping homes, adapted from New England, sport many design variations to help negotiate with the warmer weather of the American southeast. The Southern Colonial maintains the symmetrical design of it’s northern cousin but begins to add on from there. Double hung windows are standard and there is often a two-story colonnade that creates a grand space for the central entry. Second floor balconies are also common to allow for living spaces upstairs to catch the summer breezes.

The roofs were hipped in style with dormer windows and balustrade-lined outdoor spaces on the second level. The roof extended over the porch and created those covered outdoor spaces. Most homes of this style that were plantation mansions were oriented on river ways and broadside to help catch the summer winds.

The interior of the home had high ceilings to help aid in circulating the air. Among some of the most opulent homes of this era, decoration and furnishings were key. This style of home is still being built today in the American south in varying sizes and designs.

Georgian Colonial1280px-Massachusetts_Hall,_Harvard_University

No, this design isn’t from the state of Georgia or even the country. This type of home, extremely popular during the reign of King George I until George VI (roughly 1711 – 1840) in England, is a throwback to the classical architecture of Greece and Rome. Rectangular symmetry reigns supreme with the Georgians. Chimneys are on the ends of the hipped roofs and elaborate entrances adorn these ornate homes.

For the first time in home architecture, we see the advent of using blueprints. Pattern books became much more common as the style began to spread. The phrase “architect” was loosely used up until this time but training and education became permanent requirements in this profession in the 18th century.

Uniformity, mathematical ratios, and balance were guiding principles the the construction of such homes. This type of architecture forms the core of many English-speaking cities like London, Edinburgh, and Dublin but we recognize it1280px-WestoverPlantationSEGL from our oldest northeastern universities and Virginia plantation homes. Massachusetts Hall at Harvard University and Westover Plantation are examples of both.

Uniformly cut stone for construction was highly sought after as well, further adhering to classical rules and symmetry. Adding a Georgian addition to a previously existing structure was seen as breaking these rules and was considered a major flaw if the old style of the building was still visible. Picky picky! This way of thinking remained in place until the Gothic Revivial in the early 19th century.

For Next Time

We’ve made it through Colonial America home architecture! It is amazing how many of these styles we still see today, whether in preservation or in new construction. My next blog post will bring us into the era of Independent America, pretty much anything post-1776. We’ll touch on the Federal style, Greek Revival, and Gothic Revival. It will be a tad shorter than these first two in the series, but no less interesting!

As always, if you have any real estate questions, want to buy or sell, know someone who does…just let me know! You can also sign up at my new home valuation website for a monthly update on your home’s value at Homebot. It is quick, easy, and will even tell you how much you could charge for an Airbnb!

Thanks for reading!

Categories: agent lucas, amanda lucas realtor, american home, history, housing, real estate | Tags: , , , , , , , | Comments Off on History of the American Home: Colonial America (Part 2)

History of the American Home: Early America (Part 1)

Hello everyone! Due to some sort of massive technical difficulty…I’ve lost all of my previous blogs that I created. I’m starting from scratch and I figured I’d begin with a quick series on the history of the American home.

In the course of taking my yearly continuing education, I came across a two part class about the history of home styles in our country that began with early Native American tribes and goes all the way through our modern trends. In addition to being extremely interesting, there were quite a few things I didn’t know and I’ve been in this industry for nine years this year! The entire course was a long one, so I’ll break this down into a few different posts.

The Early American Home (Pre-Colonial to 1630)

Early America refers to a time prior to British colonization, generally up until the year 1630. While Europeans had discovered North America, no one was really building a home here with the exception of the Native Americans inhabiting the land. Contrary to what many think, the entire span of what would become the United States was settled by Native Americans- north, south, east, and west. Each region had a different style of home that was built based on the materials at hand and also in response to the weather they encountered. You may recognize a few of these styles…

Wigwam – Eastern Forests

1200px-Lefferts_Wigwam_jehIn 1524, Italian explorer Giovanni da Verrazzano landed in what would become Rhode Island. This was the first recorded visit to the Native Americans by a European in the New England area. When da Verrazzano arrived, he encountered homes that were unique to what he had seen before. Used extensively by the Algonquin nation, wigwams were built with wooden frames covered in either birch bark or cattail mats.

They could be cone shaped, rectangular, or in the form of a dome. Wigwams were not portable, but they were small and easy to build. Families would move with the seasons so even though they couldn’t take their home with them, they were able to quickly build a new one once they moved into their winter camp.

Wigwams were built for single family units, unlike their larger siblings that we’ll explore later. Wigwams were designed to house between 8 and 12 family members.

 

Longhouses – Eastern Forestsiroquois-longhouse-2

Used by the Iroquois nation, longhouses are very similar to wigwams but are much, much larger. Longhouses were built with a pole frame and were covered in bark. Rather than being lived in by a single family, the entire extended family lived together in this type of home. Longhouses could house between 50 and 60 people– imagine living with 50 of your closest relatives!

Due to their size and construction style, longhouses settlements were as permanent is they came. Interestingly enough, longhouse settlements created early environmental issues. Due to their longevity in one location, the areas near longhouses would be stripped of resources over time. Waste and garbage disposal also would become a problem as well as flea infestations from the close living conditions with large amounts of people.

 

The Teepee – Central and South Plains

Best_Teepee_TentsOne of the most iconic homes ever built in the United States, the teepee (or tipi) is also one of the most functional. By design, they were meant to be portable. Constructed using a sapling frame covered in buffalo hide, teepees were quick to assemble and even quicker to take down. Generally built in the shape of a cone to keep the elements out, the back of the home faced west to ward off the strong prairie winds. The front door, in turn, would face east to greet the rising sun.

As the teepees grew in size, the slope of the back wall would change to counter the push of the wind. It wasn’t uncommon to see a teepee that resembled more of a lean-to but they still maintained their conical roots. Many tents made today for hunting expeditions and other extreme weather conditions are still built in the stable, teepee design – conical with a vent in the middle to accommodate heating and ventilation.

 

Grasshouses –  Central Plainsgrasshouse

In a time before air conditioning and central heating systems, your home was only as warm or as cool as you designed it to be. Enter the grasshouse – the ultimate in temperature control in early America.

Grasshouses were built using pole frames like their contemporaries. Using sticks to batten between the poles, grass was used to cover the structure in a shingle-style weave. The result was a home that was fabulously cool in the summer and toasty warm in the winter.

Conical or beehive in shape, these homes could sometimes be as high as 40 feet! Very similar to their eastern cousins the wigwam, grasshouses are made from prairie grass. The grass is what provides the amazing insulation in all types of weather.

 

Pueblos – Desert Southwest
Mesa Verde

Mesa Verde Cliff Palace

Attached yet separate, the pueblo settlements of the American southwest are still a wonder to behold. Often built into the sides of cliffs and only accessible by pull-up ladders, these homes were built for defense.

Pueblo dwellings are most often equated with the Hopi and Zuni tribes, or “pueblo people.” They are among the oldest cultures in America. Pueblo settlements were designed specifically with streets and alleyways – not something common to the other dwelling types we’ve examined so far. They were also multi-leveled and multi-family. These pueblo towns were castle-like in their appearance with embattlements and high doors for protection.

Strong and permanent, pueblo dwellings are made with adobe. No, not the computer program that you use to view a PDF. Adobe is a combination of clay and straw that were baked in the sun in the shape of a brick. They were built to last, to say the least. One can still see these homes in the southwest of the United States. Mesa Verde National Park is the largest cliff dwelling that has been found. You can see Mesa Verde in the picture to the left – it is magnificent!

Earth Lodge – Central PlainsEARTHLODGE-resized

Constructed from wood, grass, and dirt, the Earth Lodge is exactly what it sounds like. Built on the plains of the Midwest, Native Americans would use four stout posts with smaller logs to connect the frame. The floor was dug out and into the earth. Grass mats and willow shoots would cover the wood frame and then a layer of earth would be laid down over that. A wide chimney sat in the center of the roof directly above the fire pit.

From the description, it might be hard to believe that these dwellings only took about a week to build. Typically 20-50 feet in diameter, earth lodges housed between 15 and 25 people. They were built to last, usually seeing a lifespan of about a decade. The structure would fail due to the interior frame rotting from the moistness of the earth used to cover it.

 

Plank House – Pacific Northwest

plank houseThe plank house was a home I hadn’t heard of prior to taking this continuing education class. The story of the plank house begins on March 29th, 1778 when James Cook anchored his ship in Nootka Sound. The Nootka people rowed out to meet the explorers and Cook went ashore. He wasn’t the first European to visit the area but he was the first to go ashore there.

The style of home the explorers found there was built of cedar- cedar was king in the Northwest. The outer bark was used for shingles, the inner for baskets, clothing and rope. Cedar planks made up the roof and walls, cedar logs for the frame. Extremely weather-resistant, red cedar stands up well to the copious amounts of rain that fall in these North American rain forests. The gable style roof was of what looked to be a European design but interestingly enough it was in use even before Europeans arrived.

A plank home was partially mobile- the frame was permanent however the planks used for the roof and walls were of notch and groove design, meaning they could be removed and reused. Cedar was in such abundance in this part of the country that it new homes could be constructed without having to travel to obtain building materials.

 

For Next Time…

In my next installment, I’ll dive into homes of the colonial era in the United States. These are some of the most iconic home designs we have and many are still being built! Think Cape Cod, Dutch Colonial, plantation homes…now you have the visual!

As always, if you have any real estate questions, want to buy or sell, know someone who does…just let me know! You can also sign up at my new home valuation website for a monthly update on your home’s value at Homebot. It is quick, easy, and will even tell you how much you could charge for an Airbnb!

Thanks for reading!

 

Categories: agent lucas, amanda lucas realtor, american home, history, housing, real estate | Tags: , , , , , | Comments Off on History of the American Home: Early America (Part 1)

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